GPR37 is a G protein-coupled receptor that serves as one of the newly identified receptors for specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), particularly certain maresins and protectins. It is part of the expanding family of receptors through which lipid mediators orchestrate the active resolution of inflammation.
GPR37 binds specific SPMs and initiates intracellular signaling cascades that promote anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects. The receptor couples to G proteins that modulate cAMP levels, activate MAPK pathways, and regulate gene transcription to support efferocytosis, reduce neutrophil infiltration, and enhance tissue repair processes.
Understanding GPR37 expands therapeutic options for resolution-based interventions in chronic inflammatory conditions. Targeting this receptor may offer novel approaches to enhance endogenous resolution mechanisms without the side effects of traditional anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Recently identified as an SPM receptor alongside other orphan GPCRs
- Part of the resolution receptor family including ALX/FPR2, ERV1/ChemR23, DRV1/GPR32, and DRV2/GPR18
- Expressed in immune cells and nervous tissue
- May mediate some neuroprotective effects of SPMs
- Involved in lipid mediator class switching from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolving
- Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators â serves as receptor for specific SPMs
- Maresins â binds certain maresins to initiate pro-resolving signaling
- Protectins â potentially mediates protectin signaling
- ALX/FPR2 â shares functional roles in SPM signaling with this related receptor
- ERV1/ChemR23 â part of same SPM receptor family
- DRV1/GPR32 â functionally related resolvin receptor
- DRV2/GPR18 â complementary SPM receptor
- Efferocytosis â promotes clearance of apoptotic cells through SPM signaling
- Lipid Mediator Class Switching â participates in transition from inflammatory to resolving phase
- Resolution of inflammation â key receptor mediating active resolution processes
- Resoleomics â part of the receptor landscape studied in resolution pharmacology
- Macrophages â expressed on macrophages to regulate their pro-resolving phenotype
- Neutrophils â reduces neutrophil infiltration when activated
- Chronic inflammation â deficient signaling may contribute to unresolved chronic inflammation
- NF-ÎșB â SPM-GPR37 signaling can inhibit NF-ÎșB inflammatory pathways
- Neuroinflammation â may mediate neuroprotective effects in CNS inflammation
- Omega-3 fatty acids â activated by metabolites derived from omega-3 substrates
- DHA â parent fatty acid for many GPR37 ligands
- EPA â source of SPMs that may signal through GPR37
- COX-2 â works downstream of COX-2 in lipid mediator biosynthesis pathways